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Compare American Samoa (2002) - Mongolia (2001)

Compare American Samoa (2002) z Mongolia (2001)

 American Samoa (2002)Mongolia (2001)
 American SamoaMongolia
Administrative divisions none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western 18 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*, Govi-Altay, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs

note:
there may be a new province named Gobi-Sumber; further, there may now be 21 provinces and 1 capital city instead of 18 provinces and 3 municipalities
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.1% (male 13,445; female 12,688)


15-64 years: 56.7% (male 19,228; female 19,741)


65 years and over: 5.2% (male 1,931; female 1,655) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
32.99% (male 445,252; female 430,758)

15-64 years:
63.13% (male 837,771; female 838,384)

65 years and over:
3.88% (male 44,436; female 58,398) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock wheat, barley, potatoes, forage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses
Airports 4 (2001) 34 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total:
8

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total:
26

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
Area total: 199 sq km


land: 199 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island
total:
1.565 million sq km

land:
1.565 million sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Washington, DC slightly smaller than Alaska
Background Settled as early as 1000 B. C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year. Long a province of China, Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power. In 1996, the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) defeated the MPRP in a national election. Over the next four years the Coalition implemented a number of key reforms to modernize the economy and institutionalize democratic reforms. However, the former communists were a strong opposition that stalled additional reforms and made implementation difficult. In 2000, the MPRP won 72 of the 76 seats in Parliament and completely reshuffled the government. While it continues many of the reform policies, the MPRP is focusing on social welfare and public order priorities.
Birth rate 24.04 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 21.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants)


expenditures: $127 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY96/97)
revenues:
$262 million

expenditures:
$328 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Pago Pago Ulaanbaatar
Climate tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Coastline 116 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution ratified 1966, in effect 1967 12 February 1992
Country name conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa


conventional short form: American Samoa


abbreviation: AS
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Mongolia

local long form:
none

local short form:
Mongol Uls

former:
Outer Mongolia
Currency US dollar (USD) togrog/tugrik (MNT)
Death rate 4.34 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $760 million (2000 est.)
Dependency status unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of the US) chief of mission:
Ambassador John DINGER

embassy:
inner north side of the Big Ring, just west of the Selbe Gol, Ulaanbaatar

mailing address:
United States Embassy in Mongolia, P. O. Box 1021, Ulaanbaatar 13; PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96521-0002

telephone:
[976] (11) 329095

FAX:
[976] (11) 320776
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of the US) chief of mission:
Ambassador Jalbuugiyn CHOINHOR

chancery:
2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 333-7117

FAX:
[1] (202) 298-9227

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994 $200 million (1998 est.)
Economy - overview This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts most of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism, a developing sector, has been held back by the recurring financial difficulties in East Asia. Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and breeding of livestock. Mongolia also has extensive mineral deposits: copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990-91, at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. Mongolia was driven into deep recession, which was prolonged by the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party's (MPRP) reluctance to undertake serious economic reform. The Democratic Coalition (DC) government has embraced free-market economics, easing price controls, liberalizing domestic and international trade, and attempting to restructure the banking system and the energy sector. Major domestic privatization programs were undertaken, as well as the fostering of foreign investment through international tender of the oil distribution company, a leading cashmere company, and banks. Reform was held back by the ex-communist MPRP opposition and by the political instability brought about through four successive governments under the DC. Economic growth picked up in 1997-99 after stalling in 1996 due to a series of natural disasters and declines in world prices of copper and cashmere. In August and September 1999, the economy suffered from a temporary Russian ban on exports of oil and oil products, and Mongolia remains vulnerable in this sector. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization (WTrO) in 1997. The international donor community pledged over $300 million per year at the last Consultative Group Meeting, held in Ulaanbaatar in June 1999. The MPRP government, elected in July 2000, is anxious to improve the investment climate; it must also deal with a heavy burden of external debt.
Electricity - consumption 120.9 million kWh (2000) 2.767 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 80 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 363 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 130 million kWh (2000) 2.671 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Lata 966 m
lowest point:
Hoh Nuur 518 m

highest point:
Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
Environment - current issues limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; policies of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws have severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, the converting of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities have also had a deleterious effect on the environment
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5% Mongol (predominantly Khalkha) 85%, Turkic (of which Kazakh is the largest group) 7%, Tungusic 4.6%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 3.4% (1998)
Exchange rates the US dollar is used togrogs/tugriks per US dollar - 1,097.00 (December 2000), 1,076.67 (2000), 1,072.37 (1999), 840.83 (1998), 789.99 (1997), 548.40 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)


head of government: Governor Tauese P. SUNIA (since 3 January 1997) and Lieutenant Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 3 January 1997)


cabinet: NA


elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)


election results: Tauese P. SUNIA reelected governor; percent of vote - Tauese P. SUNIA (Democrat) 50.7%, Lealaifuaneva Peter REID (independent) 47.8%
chief of state:
President Natsagiyn BAGABANDI (since 20 June 1997)

head of government:
Prime Minister Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (since 26 July 2000)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the State Great Hural in consultation with the president

elections:
president nominated by parties in the State Great Hural and elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA May 2005); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the State Great Hural; election last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Natsagiyn BAGABANDI reelected president; percent of vote - NA%; Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR elected prime minister by a vote in the State Great Hural of 68 to 3
Exports $345 million (1999) $454.3 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities canned tuna 93% copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals
Exports - partners US 99.6% China 60%, US 20%, Russia 9%, Japan 2% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September calendar year
Flag description blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)
GDP purchasing power parity - $500 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $4.7 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
36%

industry:
22%

services:
42% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $8,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,780 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% -1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 14 20 S, 170 00 W 46 00 N, 105 00 E
Geography - note Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia
Highways total: 350 km


paved: 150 km


unpaved: 200 km
total:
3,387 km

paved:
1,563 km

unpaved:
1,824 km

note:
there are also 45,862 km of rural roads that consist of rough, unimproved, cross-country tracks (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
2.9%

highest 10%:
24.5% (1995)
Imports $452 million (1999) $510.7 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Imports - commodities materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea
Imports - partners US 62%, Australia 11%, Japan 9%, NZ 7%, Fiji 4%, other 7% Russia 33%, China 21%, Japan 12%, South Korea 10%, US 4% (1999)
Independence none (territory of the US) 11 July 1921 (from China)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 2.4% (2000 est.)
Industries tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts construction materials, mining (particularly coal and copper); food and beverages, processing of animal products
Infant mortality rate 10.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 53.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% 7.6% (1999)
International organization participation ESCAP (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, SPC ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (observer), CCC, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 5 (2001)
Irrigated land NA sq km 800 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior) Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts, but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts for approval by the president)
Labor force 14,000 (1996) 1.3 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation government 33%, tuna canneries 34%, other 33% (1990) (1990) primarily herding/agricultural
Land boundaries 0 km total:
8,161.9 km

border countries:
China 4,676.9 km, Russia 3,485 km
Land use arable land: 5%


permanent crops: 10%


other: 85% (1998 est.)
arable land:
5.7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
81%

forests and woodland:
11.4%

other:
1.9% (2000 est.)
Languages Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English


note: most people are bilingual
Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
Legal system NA blend of Russian, Chinese, Turkish, and Western systems of law that combines aspects of a parliamentary system with some aspects of a presidential system; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)


elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)


election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 18


note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate for a sixth term
unicameral State Great Hural (76 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA July 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPRP 72, other 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 75.53 years


male: 71.12 years


female: 80.21 years (2002 est.)
total population:
64.26 years

male:
62.14 years

female:
66.5 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97%


male: 98%


female: 97% (1980 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
98%

female:
97.5% (2000)
Location Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Map references Oceania Asia
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the US -
Military branches - Mongolian Armed Forces (includes General Purpose Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense Troops); note - Border Troops are under Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs in peacetime
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $25.5 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.3% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
748,779 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
486,491 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
30,230 (2001 est.)
National holiday Flag Day, 17 April (1900) Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
Nationality noun: American Samoan(s)


adjective: American Samoan
noun:
Mongolian(s)

adjective:
Mongolian
Natural hazards typhoons common from December to March dust and snow storms, grassland and forest fires, drought and "zud", which is a combination of drought followed by harsh winter conditions
Natural resources pumice, pumicite oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron, phosphate
Net migration rate 3.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party [leader NA] Citizens' Will Party or CWP (also called Civil Will Party) [Sanjaasurengyn OYUN]; Democratic Party or DP [D. DORLIGAN]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian Democratic New Socialist Party or MDNSP [B. ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian Republican Party or MRP [B. JARGALSAIHAN]

note:
the MPRP is the ruling party
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 68,688 (July 2002 est.) 2,654,999 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 40% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 2.31% (2002 est.) 1.47% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Aunu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u none
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 7, FM 9, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios 57,000 (1997) 155,900 (1999)
Railways 0 km 1,815 km

broad gauge:
1,815 km 1.524-m gauge (2001)
Religions Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30% Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 96%, Muslim (primarily in the southwest), Shamanism, and Christian 4% (1998)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.17 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment:
very low density: about 3.5 telephones for each thousand persons

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region)
Telephones - main lines in use 13,000 (1997) 104,100 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,550 (1997) 110,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 4 (plus 18 provincial repeaters and many low powered repeaters) (1999)
Terrain five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island) vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Total fertility rate 3.4 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 6% (2000) NA%
Waterways none 400 km (1999)
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